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Human rights - Wikipedia. Human rights are moral principles or norms[1] that describe certain standards of human behaviour, and are regularly protected as legal rights in municipal and international law.[2] They are commonly understood as inalienable[3] fundamental rights "to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being",[4] and which are "inherent in all human beings"[5] regardless of their nation, location, language, religion, ethnic origin or any other status.[3] They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal,[1] and they are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone.[3] They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law[6] and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others,[1][3] and it is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances; [3] for example, human rights may include freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture and execution.[7]The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within international law, global and regional institutions.[3] Actions by states and non- governmental organisations form a basis of public policy worldwide. The idea of human rights[8] suggests that "if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights". The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable scepticism and debates about the content, nature and justifications of human rights to this day.

The precise meaning of the term right is controversial and is the subject of continued philosophical debate; [9] while there is consensus that human rights encompasses a wide variety of rights[5] such as the right to a fair trial, protection against enslavement, prohibition of genocide, free speech,[1. Many of the basic ideas that animated the human rights movement developed in the aftermath of the Second World War and the events of the Holocaust,[6] culminating in the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris by the United Nations General Assembly in 1.

Ancient peoples did not have the same modern- day conception of universal human rights.[1. The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval natural law tradition that became prominent during the European Enlightenment with such philosophers as John Locke, Francis Hutcheson and Jean- Jacques Burlamaqui, and which featured prominently in the political discourse of the American Revolution and the French Revolution.[6] From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 2. Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world ..— 1st sentence of the Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

History of the concept. Although ideas of rights and liberty have existed in some form for much of human history, there is agreement that the earlier conceptions do not closely resemble the modern conceptions of human rights. According to Jack Donnelly, in the ancient world, "traditional societies typically have had elaborate systems of duties.. These institutions and practices are alternative to, rather than different formulations of, human rights".[1.

The history of human rights can be traced to past documents, particularly Constitution of Medina (6. Al- Risalah al- Huquq (late 7th to early 8th century), Magna Carta (1. Twelve Articles of Memmingen (1. English Bill of Rights (1. French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1. Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution (1. The modern sense of human rights can be traced to Renaissance Europe and the Protestant Reformation, alongside the disappearance of the feudal authoritarianism and religious conservativism that dominated the Middle Ages.

One theory is that human rights were developed during the early Modern period, alongside the European secularisation of Judeo- Christian ethics.[1. The most commonly held view is that the concept of human rights evolved in the West, and that while earlier cultures had important ethical concepts, they generally lacked a concept of human rights. For example, Mc. Intyre argues there is no word for "right" in any language before 1.

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Medieval charters of liberty such as the English Magna Carta were not charters of human rights, rather they were the foundation[1. Magna Carta later being recognised in the course of early modern debates about rights.[1.

USA Today politics blog. Most Popular. JFK files: Search the secret files here Trump orders public health emergency for opioids. Venezuela is facing a human rights and humanitarian crisis. The Maduro administration enjoys tremendous concentration of power, which it has used to gradually erode.

One of the oldest records of human rights is the statute of Kalisz (1. Jewish minority in the Kingdom of Poland such as protection from discrimination and hate speech.[1.

Samuel Moyn suggests that the concept of human rights is intertwined with the modern sense of citizenship, which did not emerge until the past few hundred years.[1. The earliest conceptualisation of human rights is credited to ideas about natural rights emanating from natural law.

In particular, the issue of universal rights was introduced by the examination of extending rights to indigenous peoples by Spanish clerics, such as Francisco de Vitoria and Bartolomé de Las Casas. In the Valladolid debate, Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, who maintained an Aristotelian view of humanity as divided into classes of different worth, argued with Las Casas, who argued in favour of equal rights to freedom from slavery for all humans regardless of race or religion.[2. English philosopher John Locke discussed natural rights in his work, identifying them as being "life, liberty, and estate (property)", and argued that such fundamental rights could not be surrendered in the social contract. In Britain in 1. 68. English Bill of Rights and the Scottish Claim of Right each made illegal a range of oppressive governmental actions.[2. Two major revolutions occurred during the 1.

United States (1. France (1. 78. 9), leading to the United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen respectively, both of which articulated certain human rights. Additionally, the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1. We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.— United States Declaration of Independence, 1. These were followed by developments in philosophy of human rights by philosophers such as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill and G. W. F. Hegel during the 1.

The term human rights probably came into use some time between Paine's The Rights of Man and William Lloyd Garrison's 1. The Liberator, in which he stated that he was trying to enlist his readers in "the great cause of human rights". Although the term had been used by at least one author as early as 1. Watch The Hobbit: The Desolation Of Smaug Online.

In the 1. 9th century, human rights became a central concern over the issue of slavery.[6] A number of reformers, notably British Member of Parliament William Wilberforce, worked towards the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade and abolition of slavery. This was achieved across the British Empire by the Slave Trade Act 1.

Royal Navy under treaties Britain negotiated with other nations,[2. Slavery Abolition Act 1.

In the United States, all the northern states had abolished the institution of slavery between 1. Conflict and debates over the expansion of slavery to new territories constituted one of the reasons for the southern states' secession and the American Civil War.

During the reconstruction period immediately following the war, several amendments to the United States Constitution were made. Mabel`S Busy Day Full Movie Part 1. These included the 1. United States, and the 1.

African Americans the right to vote.